In email marketing or cold emailing, reputation plays a vital role.
The domain and subdomains that you use for sending emails are among the factors that influence your reputation.
A main (parent) domain has a distinct reputation from its subdomains. This is useful because it allows you to manage the reputations of different kinds of outreach separately.
For example, imagine your business has different teams that handle
transactional and marketing emails. Transactional emails see high levels of engagement because people are likely to interact with password resets and other transactional messages. However, your marketing team's emails may not be seeing the same level of engagement.
If you send both types of emails from the same main email domain, there's no good way to ensure that important transactional emails are reaching customers' inboxes without being affected by poor engagement from marketing emails.
However, if you use a subdomain for your marketing messages and another subdomain for transactional emails, you can decouple the reputations of these different kinds of outreach. This helps you to ensure that your transactional emails are not affected by deliverability issues.
Using subdomains to send all mass communication can also help mitigate negative consequences if something goes wrong.
For example, if someone sends an email campaign from your parent domain without an unsubscribe option and your company gets blacklisted by ISPs, all company emails will go straight into recipients' spam folders, impacting the effectiveness of your email marketing in catastrophic ways.
However, using subdomains to send mass communication can limit the business impact of such errors. If the email in question had been sent using a subdomain, only that specific subdomain would be blacklisted, allowing other emails sent by your brand to go through unaffected.